What Is the Hijri (Islamic) Lunar Calendar?
The Islamic Calendar — A Pure Lunar System
The Hijri calendar (also called the Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar) is a purely lunar calendar consisting of 12 months in a year of approximately 354 days. Unlike the Chinese lunisolar calendar, the Hijri calendar does not use intercalary months to align with the solar year. This means Islamic months cycle through all seasons over a 33-year period. The calendar begins from the Hijra — the migration of Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE — which marks year 1 AH (Anno Hegirae).
Origins of the Hijri Calendar
The Hijri calendar was formally established during the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab (r. 634–644 CE). Before its standardization, Arabs used a lunisolar calendar with occasional intercalary months. Caliph Umar abolished intercalation, returning the calendar to its pure lunar form as prescribed by the Qur'an (Surah At-Tawbah 9:36–37), which prohibits the manipulation of sacred months.
Why It Matters Today
The Hijri calendar governs the timing of all Islamic religious observances: Ramadan fasting, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, and the Hajj pilgrimage. Over 1.9 billion Muslims worldwide rely on it for religious life. An islamic lunar calendar age calculator helps Muslims understand their age within this sacred timekeeping system.